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Prologue of History
Until statehood, Hawaii was ruled economic onlyy by a pocket billiards of corporations kn consume as the boastfully quintuple: C. Brewer and Co., sugar, ranching, and chemicals, founded in 1826; Theo. H. Davies & Co., sugar, investments, insurance, and transportation, founded in 1845; Amfac Inc. (originally H. Hackfield Inc.-a German firm that changed its name and ownership during the anti-German sen clock timent of WW I to American Factors), sugar, insurance, and cut down development, founded in 1849; Castle and Cooke Inc., (Dole) pineapple, food packing, and land development, founded 1851; and Alexander and Baldwin Inc., shipping, sugar, and pineapple, founded in 1895. This economic oligarchy ruled Hawaii with a velvet glove and a steel grip. With members on all important corporate boards, they controlled all major commerce, including banking, shipping, insurance, hotel development, agriculture, utilities, and wholesale and retail merchandising. Anyone trying to buck the system was ground to dust, finding it perfectly impossible to do business in the islands. The Big cardinal were made up of the islands oldest and most well-established haole families; all included bloodlines from Hawaiis own nobility and alii. They looked among themselves for suitable husbands and wives, so breaking in from the outback(a) even through marriage was hardly possible.
The only time they were successfully challenged prior to statehood was when Sears, Roebuck and Co. opened a store on Oahu. Closing ranks, the Big Five decreed that their steamships would not defend Searss freight. When Sears threatened to buy its own steamship line, the Big Five relented. In the end, statehood, and more to the point, tourism, broke their oligarchy. After 1960 too often money was at stake for Mainland-based corporations to ignore. Eventually the grip of the Big Five was loosened, but they are still enormously tidy and richer than ever, though these...
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